氣體凈化及分離技術

　　術語和要點：Terminology&Key points

　　1. 基本概念 General:

　　1) 處理介質(zhì)Processing medium：

　　? 壓縮空氣compressed air： 絕對壓力大于0.1Mpa的空氣 

　　Air with absolute pressure greater than 0.1 Mpa

　　? 壓縮氣體：compressed gas 絕對壓力大于0.1Mpa的氣體;通常處理的氣體為二氧化碳，氫氣

　　Gases with absolute pressure greater than 0.1 Mpa；typically processed include carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas, and various chemical industrial tail gases.

　　2) 吸附adsorption：

　　? 氣體、蒸汽或液體分子附著在固體表面上的物理過程。

　　Physical process in which the molecules of a gas, vapor or liquid adhere to the surface of a solid。

　　? 典型吸附材料為活性氧化鋁，分子篩及硅膠；應用時依據(jù)不同露點要求單獨使用或配比使用。

　　Common adsorbents such as activated alumina, molecular sieves, and silica gel are selected for use either individually or in optimized ratios, depending on the target dew point in the system.

　　3) 干燥器DRYER: 

　　? 通過減少水蒸氣含量來降低壓縮氣體的絕對含水量從而使出口相對濕度小于100%的設備。

　　Device that lowers absolute moisture content of compressed air by reducing water vapor content and the exit relative humidity is lower than 100%。

　　? 在一定處理量和工作壓力及入口溫度條件下，以下為干燥器的主要性能指標。

　　Under specified conditions of processing capacity, operating pressure, and inlet temperature, the following are the key performance parameters of the dryer

　　?壓差或壓降Δp differential pressure & pressure drop: 

　　在規(guī)定條件下,測得的某部件進氣口與出氣口的壓力之差。

　　Difference between the high and low pressure sides of a resistance to flow.

　　露點 dew point:

　　? 水蒸氣開始凝結(jié)的溫度。附表為不同壓力下的不同露點的含水量表（g/kg）：

　　The temperature at which water vapor begins to condense.Attached is a table of moisture content (g/kg) at different dew points under varying pressures

　　2. 壓縮空氣干燥器分類：Compressed air dryer classification:

　　吸附式干燥器adsorption dryer

　　借助于氣相或液相水分子能吸附在吸附劑表面的原理分離出壓縮空氣中的水蒸氣，并可通過各種方式除去吸附劑表面的水分而使吸附劑獲得再生的干燥器。

　　The adsorption dryer operates on the principle that water molecules in either the gas or liquid phase adhere to the surface of an adsorbent, which effectively removes water vapor from compressed air or gas. Additionally, the dryer can regenerate the adsorbent by employing various methods to eliminate moisture from its surface, ensuring consistent and efficient drying performance.

　　2.1 無熱再生吸附式干燥機（器）  Heatless Regenerative（Desiccant）Dryer 

　　?借助于未加熱的、預先干燥過并減壓膨脹的壓縮空氣流過吸附劑使吸附劑獲得再生。

　　The adsorbent is regenerated by means of unheated, pre-dried and reduced-pressure expanded compressed air flowing through the desiccant.

　　2.2 有熱再生吸附式干燥機（器）Heated Regenerative（Desiccant）Dryer

　　? 通過提高吸附劑的溫度使其再生。

　　The desiccant is regenerated by increasing its temperature.

　　2.3 壓縮熱再生干燥機（器） Compression Heat Regenerative Dryer 

　　? 利用壓縮過程產(chǎn)生的、未經(jīng)冷卻的熱壓縮空氣(有時需利用電加熱輔助加熱-入口溫度低于110℃)來使吸附劑獲得再生的一種吸附式干燥器。

　　An adsorption dryer that uses uncooled hot compressed air generated in the compression process (sometimes assisted by electric heating-inlet temperature below 110℃) to regenerate the desiccant.

　　2.4 鼓風熱吸附式干燥機（器） Blower Regenerative （Desiccant）Drye

　　? 利用鼓風機將環(huán)境空氣引入并通過加熱器加熱后對吸附劑進行加熱再生的干燥器. 

　　A dryer that uses a blower to introduce ambient air and heats it through a heater to heat and regenerate the desiccant.

　　2.5 零氣耗壓縮熱再生干燥機（器）Zero purge Compression Heat Regenerative(Desiccant) Dryer

　　? 通過回收空壓機排出的高溫壓縮空氣的熱量，直接加熱吸附對吸附劑進行加熱，加熱完成后，利用原料氣流經(jīng)冷吹冷卻器，對吸附劑進行冷吹。

　　The adsorbent is regenerated using heat recycled from the compressor's hot air, then cooled via process gas in a purge cooler.

　　2.6 零氣耗鼓風熱吸附式干燥機 Zero purge Blower Regenerative （Desiccant）Dryer

　　? 鼓風機將環(huán)境空氣加壓后，經(jīng)加熱器升溫，用于加熱吸附劑并脫附水分。再生完成后，利用環(huán)境空氣鼓風氣流經(jīng)冷卻器，對吸附劑進行冷吹降溫，再生過程形成密閉循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，不消耗成品氣體。

　　The blower pressurizes ambient air and heats it via a heater to regenerate the adsorbent by desorbing moisture12. After regeneration, the ambient airflow passes through a cooler to purge and cool the adsorbent, forming a closed-loop system with zero product gas consumption。

　　2.7 零氣耗壓縮熱鼓風干燥機（器） Zero purge Heat of Compression & Blower Regenerative(Desiccant) Dryer

　　? 工作流程是一種結(jié)合壓縮熱回收技術與鼓風再生系統(tǒng)的吸附式干燥設備，其核心通過回收空壓機末級排氣余熱或外加熱源，對干燥劑進行加熱，并利用鼓風機引入環(huán)境空氣完成冷卻，全程不消耗成品壓縮空氣，實現(xiàn)高效節(jié)能的壓縮空氣干燥。在需要達到低露點（-70℃）的工藝比零氣耗鼓風干燥機降低能耗30%。

　　This adsorption dryer combines compressed heat recovery and blower regeneration, using compressor exhaust heat or external heat to regenerate desiccant. Ambient air from the blower cools the system without consuming product compressed air, enabling energy-efficient drying. For -70°C dew point applications, it reduces energy use by 30% vs. standard zero-purge dryers.

　　3. 干燥器工作過程和性能參數(shù)Dryer Working Process and Performance Parameters

　　1. 干燥劑 desiccant 

　　有能力從壓縮空氣中去除水分的物質(zhì)。

　　Substances having the ability to remove moisture from compressed air; 

　　2. 活性氧化鋁 activated alumina

　　具有從氣體、蒸汽和一些液體中優(yōu)先吸附水分能力的多孔顆粒型式的氧化鋁。

　　Alumina of porous particle type with the ability to preferentially adsorb moisture from gases, vapors and some liquids.

　　3. 分子篩 molecular sieve

　　原子排列在一個晶格中從而有大量相互連接且孔徑精確均勻的小孔的天然或合成材料。

　　A natural or synthetic material whose atoms are arranged in a crystal lattice so that there are a large number of interconnected pores with accurate and uniform pore sizes.

　　4. 再生氣 regeneration air flow

　　通過非工作干燥介質(zhì)的吹洗空氣流。

　　purge air flow through the off-line drying media

　　5. 吹洗空氣流 purge air flow

　　一股預干燥過的空氣,用于脫除干燥介質(zhì)上的濕氣并帶走水蒸氣，也稱為再生氣。

　　A pre-dried air stream used to strip moisture from the drying medium and carry away water vapor, commonly referred to as regeneration air(gas).

　　6. 耗氣量 consumption of purified compressed air

　　干燥器處理單位容積流量壓縮空氣所消耗的壓縮空氣量,以百分比來表示。

　　The amount of compressed air consumed by the dryer to process compressed air per unit volumetric flow, expressed as a percentage.

　　7. 零氣耗 zero purge 

　　干燥器處理單位容積流量壓縮空氣,再生過程中不消耗壓縮空氣成品氣。

　　The dryer processes volume flow, and does not consume compressed air finished gas during the regeneration process.

　　8. 進氣溫度 Inlet Air Temperature

　　進入干燥器的壓縮空氣溫度。當入口溫度較高（例如超過40℃）時，濕負荷會顯著增加（每升高5℃約增加30%），同時會降低吸附效率，導致出口露點溫度每升高5℃就上升8-10℃

　　Temperature of compressed air entering the dryer. Higher inlet temperatures (e.g., above 40°C) significantly increase moisture load (~30% per 5°C rise) and degrade adsorption efficiency, raising outlet dew point by 8–10°C per 5°C increase

　　9. 入塔溫度Adsorption Tower Inlet Temperature

　　特指壓縮熱干燥機在入塔吸附時的溫度。這個溫度基本等同于上述入口溫度。同時這個溫度由壓縮熱干燥機主冷卻器的壓縮空氣出口溫度。一般為冷卻水入口溫度增加6℃~8℃。

　　Specifically referring to the temperature of compressed heat dryers during the tower adsorption phase

　　This temperature is fundamentally equivalent to the inlet temperature mentioned earlier. It is governed by the compressed air outlet temperature of the main cooler in the compressed heat dryer system, typically ranging from 6°C to 8°C above the cooling water inlet temperature (ΔT = 6–8°C).

　　10. 處理量Processing Capacity

　　干燥機處理量指單位時間內(nèi)可處理的壓縮空氣流量,通常以m3/min或Nm3/h(標準立方/米小時)表示。

　　Processing capacity refers to the compressed air flow rate that a dryer can handle per unit time, typically expressed inm3/min.

　　11. 工作壓力Operating Pressure or working pressure:

　　在選擇型號時應依系統(tǒng)的最低工作壓力或壓縮機出口的最低壓力，據(jù)如下簡易公式做修正,例如：

　　在入口溫度一定時：

　　工作壓力：0.55Mpa(g)

　　壓縮機出口流量：100m3/min@0.7Mpa(g)

　　干燥機處理量=100*（0.1+0.7）/（0.1+0.55）≈123.0769min/min

　　Selection Principle

　　When selecting dryer models, the lowest system operating pressure or minimum compressor outlet pressure shall be used for correction. The simplified formula is:

　　Dryer Processing Capacity = Compressor Outlet Flow Rate × (Standard Pressure + Compressor Outlet Pressure) / (Standard Pressure + Minimum Operating Pressure)

　　Example Calculation

　　Given:

　　? Operating pressure (minimum): 0.55 MPa(g)

　　? Compressor outlet flow rate: 100 m3/min @ 0.7 MPa(g)

　　Calculation:

　　Dryer Processing Capacity=100×(0.1+0.7)/(0.1+0.55)≈123.08?m3/min

　　Key Notes

　　1. Standard Pressure: Typically defined as 0.1 MPa (atmospheric pressure reference).

　　2. Unit Consistency: All pressure values must use the same unit (e.g., MPa(g)).

　　3. Pressure Correction: This formula adjusts for reduced gas density at lower pressures to avoid dryer overload.

　　Terminology Clarification

　　? MPa(g): Megapascals (gauge pressure)

　　? Compressor outlet flow rate: Volumetric flow rate at compressor discharge conditions.

　　? Dryer processing capacity: Flow rate requirement after pressure correction  .